Paramagnetic relaxation enhancement

From NMR Wiki

Paramagnetic Relaxation Enhancement(PRE) is increasingly becoming a method to provide long-range distance information that can complement NOE restraints, which are limited to distances of less than 6A. This method can be used to get distances in the range of 15-24A. Distances between the spin label and NMR active nuclei can be determined from the increased T2 relaxation rates.

Spin labels placed on macromolecules can be also used to screen for binding small molecules[1] as PRE will be transferred onto small molecules that bind macromolecules at intermediate exchange regime (see also STD method).

In addition, PRE has been used for an accelerated data acquisition due to increased longitudinal relaxation rates. This is particularly useful for systems with naturally long T1.[2]

References

1. Jahnke, W. Spin Labels as a Tool to Identify and Characterize Protein-Ligand Interactions by NMR Spectroscopy. ChemBioChem 3(2-3):167--173, 2002. BibTeX [jahnke02]

2. Linser, R, Chevelkov, V, Diehl, A and Reif, B. Sensitivity enhancement using paramagnetic relaxation in MAS solid-state NMR of perdeuterated proteins. Journal of Magnetic Resonance 189(2):209--216, 2007. BibTeX [linser]

3. Liang, B and Bushweller, JH and Tamm, LK. Site-directed parallel spin-labeling and paramagnetic relaxation enhancement in structure determination of membrane proteins by solution NMR spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 128(13):4389--4397, 2006. BibTeX [tamm06]

4. Battiste, JL and Wagner, G. Utilization of site-directed spin labeling and high-resolution heteronuclear nuclear magnetic resonance for global fold determination of large proteins with limited nuclear overhauser effect data. Biochemistry 39(18):5355--65, 2000. BibTeX [Wagner]

5. Gillespie, JR and Shortle, D. Characterization of long-range structure in the denatured state of staphylococcal nuclease. II. distance restraints from paramagnetic relaxation and calculation of an ensemble of structures. Journal of Molecular Biology 268(1):170--184, 1997. BibTeX [Shortel]